पूर्वी सिक्किम में सिंगताम के दीपू दारा के पास बालूतार में मंगलवार को हुई इस घटना से 510 मेगावाट का पावर स्टेशन मलबे में बदल गया।
Landslide वीडियो:सिक्किम के बालूतार में मंगलवार की सुबह एक भारी भूस्खलन हुआ, जिससे तीस्ता स्टेज 5 बांध में स्थित नेशनल हाइड्रोइलेक्ट्रिक पावर कॉरपोरेशन (NHPC) का पावर स्टेशन पूरी तरह से नष्ट हो गया। भूस्खल का एक वीडियो भी सामने आया है, जिसमें पहाड़ का एक बड़ा हिस्सा पावर प्लांट की इमारत पर गिरते हुए दिखाई देता है। भूस्खलन इतना भयंकर था कि मलबे में पावर प्लांट का आधा हिस्सा दब गया। भारी बारिश के चलते सिक्किम के कई भागों में छोटे-मोटे भूस्खलन हुए हैं।
A massive landslide hit the NHPC Teesta Stage V Power House in Sikkim.#ViralVideo #Viral #Landslide #Sikkim #PowerCorridors pic.twitter.com/6S1l7llDQG
— POWER CORRIDORS (@power_corridors) August 20, 2024
पूर्वी सिक्किम के सिंगताम के दीपू दारा के पास बालूतार में मंगलवार को हुई इस घटना से 510 मेगावाट का पावर स्टेशन मलबे में बदल गया। अब भूस्खलन का दर्दनाक वीडियो सोशल मीडिया पर फैल रहा है।
A landslide is a natural disaster involving the movement of rock, soil, and debris down a slope. Landslides can be triggered by various factors, including heavy rainfall, earthquakes, volcanic activity, and human activities like deforestation or construction. They can cause significant damage to property, infrastructure, and loss of life. Here’s a detailed overview:
1. Types of Landslides:
- Rockfall:
- This occurs when rocks or boulders detach from a steep slope or cliff and fall freely or bounce downhill.
- Debris Flow:
- A fast-moving mass of loose mud, soil, rocks, and water. Debris flows often occur after heavy rain or volcanic eruptions and can travel long distances.
- Mudslide:
- Similar to debris flow but primarily composed of fine materials like silt and clay mixed with water. Mudslides can be highly destructive.
- Slump:
- A type of landslide where a section of the slope breaks away and moves downward along a curved surface, often leaving a “scarp” or steep cut at the top.
- Creep:
- A slow, gradual movement of soil and rock down a slope, often imperceptible over short periods but noticeable over years or decades.
2. Causes of Landslides:
- Natural Causes:
- Heavy Rainfall: Saturation of soil with water reduces its cohesion, making it more prone to sliding.
- Earthquakes: Seismic activity can destabilize slopes, triggering landslides.
- Volcanic Eruptions: Ash, lava, and pyroclastic flows can rapidly change the landscape, leading to landslides.
- Erosion: Rivers, glaciers, and coastal waves can erode the base of a slope, making it unstable.
- Human Activities:
- Deforestation: Removing vegetation that stabilizes the soil increases the risk of landslides.
- Construction: Building roads, houses, and other infrastructure on or near slopes can destabilize them.
- Mining and Quarrying: These activities can weaken the structural integrity of slopes.
3. Impact of Landslides:
- Human Impact:
- Landslides can cause fatalities and injuries, often affecting communities living in hilly or mountainous regions.
- They can also lead to displacement of people, loss of homes, and damage to livelihoods.
- Economic Impact:
- Landslides can destroy infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and buildings, leading to significant economic losses.
- The cost of cleanup, repair, and rebuilding can be substantial, especially in urban areas.
- Environmental Impact:
- Landslides can devastate ecosystems by burying vegetation, altering waterways, and changing the landscape.
- They can also lead to secondary disasters like flooding if rivers are dammed by debris.
4. Prediction and Monitoring:
- Early Warning Systems:
- Geotechnical monitoring systems can detect changes in slope stability and provide early warnings. These systems may include ground sensors, satellite imagery, and weather monitoring.
- Slope Stability Analysis:
- Engineers and geologists assess the stability of slopes using various techniques, including field surveys, soil testing, and computer modeling.
- Community Education:
- Educating at-risk communities about landslide risks, warning signs, and evacuation procedures can save lives.
5. Prevention and Mitigation:
- Engineering Solutions:
- Retaining Walls: Structures built to hold back soil and prevent it from sliding.
- Drainage Systems: Proper drainage can prevent water from accumulating in the soil, reducing the risk of landslides.
- Slope Reinforcement: Techniques like soil nailing, rock bolting, and terracing can stabilize slopes.
- Land Use Planning:
- Avoiding construction in high-risk areas and implementing strict land-use regulations can reduce the likelihood of landslides.
- Reforestation: Planting vegetation on slopes can help stabilize the soil and prevent erosion.
6. Famous Landslides:
- Vargas Tragedy (1999), Venezuela: A series of massive landslides triggered by heavy rainfall led to the death of tens of thousands of people and widespread destruction.
- Mount St. Helens (1980), USA: The volcanic eruption caused one of the largest landslides in recorded history, significantly altering the landscape.
- Hattian Bala Landslide (2005), Pakistan: Triggered by an earthquake, this landslide buried several villages, resulting in numerous casualties.
7. What to Do During a Landslide:
- Before:
- Be aware of the landslide risks in your area, especially if you live near slopes or in mountainous regions.
- Prepare an emergency plan, including evacuation routes and a communication plan with family members.
- During:
- If you are indoors, move to a higher floor or the opposite side of the house from the slope.
- If you are outdoors, move quickly to higher ground, avoiding valleys or low-lying areas.
- Be aware of the sound of rumbling or unusual movement in the ground.
- After:
- Stay away from the landslide area, as there may be additional slides or debris flow.
- Check for injuries and assist others if possible.
- Report to authorities and follow their instructions regarding evacuation and safety.
8. Global Efforts in Landslide Management:
- UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction):
- Promotes global cooperation in disaster risk reduction, including landslides, by advocating for sustainable development and resilient communities.
- Research and Innovation:
- Ongoing research in geology, civil engineering, and technology is improving the understanding of landslides and enhancing predictive and preventive measures.
Landslides are powerful natural events that require a combination of scientific understanding, engineering solutions, and community preparedness to manage and mitigate their effects.